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Italian Modal Verbs

After essere (to be) and avere (to have), modal verbs are among the most important verbs in any language. In English, there are nine modal verbs (can, will, shall, must, etc.). In Italian, there are only three main ones:

  • To want
  • To can / to be allowed
  • Must / to have to

In this lesson, you'll learn how to use them in the present tense, along with their conjugations and example sentences.

Volere – To Want

Here's the conjugation for Volere in the present tense:

Pronoun Conjugation
Io
Tu
Lui / Lei
Noi
Voi
Loro

I want to learn Italian.

I want to travel and see the world.

The child doesn't want to go to school.

Do you want to come to the cinema with me?

Do you want to eat a pizza?

Avere voglia – To feel like doing something

In everyday conversation, Italians often use the expression avere voglia di instead of volere.

I don't feel like going out tonight.

Do you feel like going to the cinema with me?

I feel like eating a pizza.

Potere – Can / To Be Allowed

Here's the conjugation for Potere in the present tense:

Pronoun Conjugation
Io
Tu
Lui / Lei
Noi
Voi
Loro

Can you help me with my homework?

They can't come to the party.

Can I talk with you?

Can you bring me a glass of water, please?

Can you open the window?

Important Note:

In English, can is used both to express permission (Can I go out?) and ability (I can swim). In Italian, potere is only used to express possibility or permission.

To talk about ability, you need to use the verb sapere (to know how to).

I can't sing (I don’t know how to).

Giulia can swim (she knows how to swim).

Dovere – Must / To Have To

Here's the conjugation for Dovere in the present tense:

Pronoun Conjugation
Io
Tu
Lui / Lei
Noi
Voi
Loro

I have to go to work tomorrow.

He has to go to the doctor.

We have to study for the exam.

I have to go back home.

Tomorrow I need to get up early.

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